Gemstones are precious or semi-precious stones that are cut and polished for use in jewelry or other decorative purposes. Each gemstone has unique properties and characteristics that make it valuable and sought after. Here are brief descriptions of some popular gemstones:

1. Diamond - A clear, colorless gemstone that is the hardest mineral on earth. Diamonds are prized for their brilliance, fire, and durability.

2. Ruby - A red gemstone that symbolizes passion and love. Rubies are valued for their intense color and rarity.

3. Sapphire - A blue gemstone that is often associated with royalty and wisdom. Sapphires come in a range of colors, but the most valuable are deep blue.

4. Emerald - A green gemstone that is known for its lush, verdant color. Emeralds are often included, meaning they have visible inclusions or imperfections, but this can add to their unique character.

5. Amethyst - A purple gemstone that is believed to have healing properties. Amethysts are affordable and come in a range of shades from light lilac to deep violet.

6. Aquamarine - A blue-green gemstone that is said to promote calmness and clarity. Aquamarines are often found in large, transparent crystals.

7. Topaz - A yellow or orange gemstone that can also come in blue, pink, or green. Topaz is often heat-treated to enhance its color.

8. Garnet - A red gemstone that can also come in green, orange, or yellow. Garnets are prized for their brilliance and affordability.

9. Peridot - A green gemstone that is said to bring good luck and abundance. Peridots are often found in volcanic rocks and can range from yellow-green to olive green.

10. Tourmaline - A gemstone that comes in a variety of colors, including pink, green, blue, and yellow. Tourmalines are often included, meaning they have visible inclusions, but this can add to their unique beauty.